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Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global health challenge, affecting millions worldwide. Annually, around half a million individuals develop drug-resistant TB, underscoring the urgency of addressing this issue. Treating drug-resistant TB is complex and lengthy, lasting up to two years for a cure. Thus, prevention is the most effective approach to reducing its incidence and prevalence. This paper explores various aspects of drug-resistant TB, providing a holistic understanding of the current knowledge. Firstly, it examines the historical context of drug resistance in TB, tracing its origins and evolution, yielding insights into present challenges. Additionally, the paper elucidates current treatment options, emphasizing the need for a multi-drug approach. The efficacy, limitations, and side effects of these regimens are evaluated, offering a comprehensive overview. Prevention is paramount, and the paper emphasizes its critical importance. Preventive measures such as isoniazid therapy and vaccinations are scrutinized, assessing their efficacy in reducing drug-resistant TB's spread. Global efforts to combat drug-resistant TB, notably the "End TB" strategy by WHO, are highlighted. This plan aims to eradicate TB in all forms, including drug-resistant strains. Understanding its components and objectives provides insight into collective global efforts. Based on historical analysis, current treatment options, prevention strategies, and global efforts, the paper concludes by presenting recommendations for future research and interventions. Ongoing scientific inquiry and innovation are essential for developing more effective treatments, preventive measures, and diagnostics. Furthermore, comprehensive public health interventions encompassing education, awareness campaigns, and strengthened healthcare systems are vital in preventing the spread of drug-resistant TB.
By: Aarav Sinha